Alle Länder der Welt The Sultanate of Brunei 's influence peaked between the 15th and 17th centuries
when its control extended over coastal areas of northwest Borneo and the
southern Philippinen . Brunei subsequently entered a period of decline brought
on by internal strife over royal succession, colonial expansion of European
powers, and piracy. In 1888, Brunei became a British protectorate;
independence was achieved in 1984. The same family has ruled Brunei for over
six centuries. Brunei benefits from extensive petroleum and natural gas
fields, the source of one of the highest per capita GDPs in the developing
world.
Geographie : Brunei
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Location:
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Southeastern Asia,
bordering the South China Sea and Malaysia |
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Geographic coordinates:
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4 30 N, 114 40 E |
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Area:
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total: 5,770 sq km
water: 500 sq km
land: 5,270 sq km |
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Area - comparative:
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slightly smaller than
Delaware |
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Land boundaries:
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total: 381 km
border countries: Malaysia 381 km |
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Coastline:
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161 km |
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Maritime claims:
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exclusive economic zone:
200 NM or to median line
territorial sea: 12 NM |
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Climate:
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tropical; hot, humid, rainy |
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Terrain:
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flat coastal plain rises to
mountains in east; hilly lowland in west |
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Elevation extremes:
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lowest point: South
China Sea 0 m
highest point: Bukit Pagon 1,850 m |
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Natural resources:
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petroleum, natural gas,
timber |
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Land use:
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arable land: 0.57%
permanent crops: 0.76%
other: 98.67% (1998 est.) |
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Irrigated land:
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10 sq km (1998 est.) |
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Natural hazards:
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typhoons, earthquakes, and
severe flooding are rare |
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Environment - current issues:
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seasonal smoke/haze
resulting from forest fires in Indonesien |
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Environment - international agreements:
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party to: Endangered
Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
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Geography - note:
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close to vital sea lanes
through South China Sea linking Indian and Pacific Oceans; two parts
physically separated by Malaysia ; almost an enclave of Malaysia
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Bevölkerung : Brunei
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Population:
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365,251 (July 2004 est.) |
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Age structure:
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0-14 years: 29.1% (male 54,243;
female 52,013)
15-64 years: 68% (male 131,682; female 116,631)
65 years and over: 2.9% (male 5,035; female 5,647) (2004 est.) |
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Median age:
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total: 26.7 years
male: 27.3 years
female: 26 years (2004 est.) |
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Population growth rate:
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1.95% (2004 est.) |
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Birth rate:
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19.33 births/1,000 |
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Death rate:
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3.4 deaths/1,000 |
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Net migration rate:
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3.59 migrant(s)/1,000 |
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Infant mortality rate:
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total: 13.05 deaths/1,000 live
births
female: 9.41 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
male: 16.51 deaths/1,000 live births |
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Life expectancy at birth:
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total : 74.54 years
male: 72.13 years
female: 77.09 years (2004 est.) |
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Total fertility rate:
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2.33 children born/woman (2004 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
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0.2% (2001 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
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less than 100 (2001 est.) |
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Nationality:
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noun: Bruneian(s)
adjective: Bruneian |
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Ethnic groups:
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Malay 67%, Chinese 15%, indigenous 6%,
other 12% |
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Religions:
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Muslim (official) 67%, Buddhist 13%,
Christian 10%, indigenous beliefs and other 10% |
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Languages:
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Malay (official), English, Chinese |
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Literacy:
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definition: age 15 and over can read
and write
total : 91.8%
male: 94.8%
female: 88.5% (2003 est.)
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Regierung
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Country name:
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conventional long form: Negara
Brunei Darussalam
conventional short form: Brunei |
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Government type:
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constitutional sultanate |
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Capital:
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Bandar Seri Begawan |
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Administrative divisions:
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4 districts (daerah-daerah, singular -
daerah); Belait, Brunei and Muara, Temburong, Tutong |
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Independence:
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1 January 1984 (from UK) |
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National holiday:
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National Day, 23 February (1984); note - 1
January 1984 was the date of independence from the UK, 23 February 1984 was the date of
independence from British protection |
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Constitution:
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29 September 1959 (some provisions
suspended under a State of Emergency since December 1962, others since independence on 1
January 1984) |
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Legal system:
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based on English common law; for Muslims,
Islamic Shari'a law supersedes civil law in a number of areas |
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Suffrage:
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none |
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Executive branch:
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chief of state: Sultan and Prime
Minister Sir HASSANAL Bolkiah (since 5 October 1967); note - the monarch is both the chief
of state and head of government
head of government: Sultan and Prime Minister Sir HASSANAL Bolkiah (since 5 October
1967); note - the monarch is both the chief of state and head of government
cabinet: Council of Cabinet Ministers appointed and presided over by the monarch;
deals with executive matters; note - there is also a Religious Council (members appointed
by the monarch) that advises on religious matters, a Privy Council (members appointed by
the monarch) that deals with constitutional matters, and the Council of Succession
(members appointed by the monarch) that determines the succession to the throne if the
need arises
elections: none; the monarch is hereditary |
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Legislative branch:
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Legislation falls under the Prime
Minister's Office; there is a privy council that serves in a consultative capacity and
other state councils whose members are appointed by the Sultan.
elections: last held in March 1962 |
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Judicial branch:
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Supreme Court (chief justice and judges are
sworn in by the monarch for three-year terms) |
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Political parties and leaders:
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other parties include Brunei People's Party
or PRB (banned in 1962) and Brunei National Democratic Party (registered in May 1965,
deregistered by the Brunei Government in 1988) |
Economy
This small, wealthy economy encompasses a mixture of foreign and domestic
entrepreneurship, government regulation, welfare measures, and village
tradition. Crude oil and natural gas production account for nearly half of
GDP. Per capita GDP is far above most other Third World countries, and
substantial income from overseas investment supplements income from domestic
production. The government provides for all medical services and subsidizes
rice and housing. Brunei 's leaders are concerned that steadily increased
integration in the world economy will undermine internal social cohesion,
although it became a more prominent player by serving as chairman for the 2000
APEC (Asian Pacific Economic Cooperation) forum. Plans for the future include
upgrading the labor force, reducing unemployment, strengthening the banking
and tourist sectors, and, in general, further widening the economic base
beyond oil and gas.
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GDP:
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purchasing power parity -
$6.5 billion (2002 est.) |
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GDP - real growth rate:
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3% (2002 est.) |
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GDP - per capita:
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purchasing power parity -
$18,600 (2002 est.) |
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GDP - composition by sector:
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agriculture: 5%
industry: 45%
services: 50% (2001 est.) |
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Inflation rate (consumer prices):
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-2% (2002 est.) |
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Labor force:
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143,400
note: includes foreign workers and military personnel; temporary
residents make up about 40% of labor force (1999 est.) |
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Labor force - by occupation:
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government 48%, production
of oil, natural gas, services, and construction 42%, agriculture,
forestry, and fishing 10% (1999 est.) |
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Unemployment rate:
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10% (2001 est.) |
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Budget:
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revenues: $2.5
billion
expenditures: $2.6 billion, including capital expenditures of
$1.35 billion (1997 est.) |
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Industries:
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petroleum, petroleum
refining, liquefied natural gas, construction |
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Industrial production growth rate:
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5% (2002 est.) |
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Electricity - production:
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2.497 billion kWh (2001) |
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Electricity - production by source:
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fossil fuel: 100%
hydro: 0%
other: 0% (2001)
nuclear: 0% |
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Electricity - consumption:
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2.322 billion kWh (2001) |
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Electricity - exports:
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0 kWh (2001) |
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Electricity - imports:
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0 kWh (2001) |
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Oil - production:
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217,200 bbl/day (2001 est.) |
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Oil - consumption:
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13,000 bbl/day (2001 est.) |
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Oil - proved reserves:
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1.255 billion bbl (January
2002 est.) |
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Natural gas - proved reserves:
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315 billion cu m (January
2002 est.) |
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Agriculture - products:
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rice, vegetables, fruits,
chickens, water buffalo |
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Exports:
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$3 billion f.o.b. (2000
est.) |
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Exports - commodities:
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crude oil, natural gas,
refined products |
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Exports - partners:
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Japan 40.8%, South Korea
13.2, Thailand 12.3, Australien 9.3, US 8.3, Singapur 5.8, China 4.8
(2002) |
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Imports:
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$1.4 billion c.i.f. (2000
est.) |
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Imports - commodities:
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machinery and transport
equipment, manufactured goods, food, chemicals |
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Imports - partners:
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Singapur 31.1, Japan 21.6,
Malaysia 18.3, UK 6.2, Hong Kong 3.8, US 3.2 (2002) |
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Debt - external:
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$0 |
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Economic aid - recipient:
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$4.3 million (1995) |
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Currency:
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Bruneian dollar (BND) |
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Currency code:
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BND |
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Exchange rates:
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Bruneian dollars per US
dollar - 1.7906 (2002), 1.7917 (2001), 1.724 (2000), 1.695 (1999),
1.6736 (1998) |
SOURCES: The CIA World Factbook, U.S. Department of State, Area Handbook of the US Library of Congress
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